"Books in the running brooks,
Sermons in stones and good in everything."

    Sermons in stones! Yes and far more: History, pathos and humor, morality, religion, patriotism, warning, inspiration, what shall we not find? But of the nameless graves, whether in consecrated ground, or in the plain, the cultivated farm once the scene of bloody warfare, in the ruined fort, or in many a lonely spot we can never or rarely know the story. Many of these form a page of history never to be wholly deciphered, but let us try while we may, imperfectly though it be, to place on record, from mossgrown stone de-faced by time or perchance ruder touch, the names and what we can piece together of the early pioneers, whether men or women, poet or artisan, soldier or priest, legislator or farmer, teacher or sailor, and from these pages of the past we may learn lessons for the present or the future, lessons of courage, of unselfishness, of generosity, of friendship, of patriotism, of duty, of religion. Then they died, shot down by stealthy Indian, or French or American foe, as now they give up their young lives on Africa's arid veldt, but each in-spired by the same adventurous spirit which has made the Briton, be he Celt or Saxon, the pioneer in the worlds progress, one of the factors in that "morning drum beat which encircles the globe" and proud that he is one of a nation "on whose dominions the sun never sets."

    While most of the graveyards in the Niagara peninsula have been visited and such help used as could be obtained from tablets on the walls of churches, monuments, church registers, tradition, historical records, it has been found that there has been as much change in the fashion as there is in dress or buildings. At one time the stately periods, or long high sounding phrase, the scripture texts or doggerel rhyme, the severe simplicity of name, date, age, or the fulsome flattery, or words of warning; in some the unlettered muse is much in evidence, "the uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculpture," or again the stately column or curiously carved figures. All materials have been used, the wooden slab, marble, iron, granite, or perhaps a huge boulder with initials, the language mostly English, but a few were found in French, German, and some in stately Latin. In early days before consecrated ground was set apart many were buried on the farm, in a plot generally fenced in, but in many cases the property has changed hands and the stones have been broken or even carted off, the field plowed over and no trace remains, or the plot stands still fenced in, but given over to burdocks and briars.

    Is situated about a mile from the town., at the west end, originally a part of the land owned by Col. John Butler; here was buried in 1796 the veteran of whose name so much obloquy has been heaped, undeservedly, we think. See Butler's Rangers by Gen. Cruikshank, who has done so much for the elucidation of many points in Canadian history. An erroneous opinion seems to prevail with regard to this spot that here are buried Butler's Rangers, that it is a military graveyard, But this is not the case, as it was a family burying ground and not that of the members of that famed regiment. The will of Col. Butler directs that his body be interred in his family burying ground, and in the rooms of the Niagara Historical Society is a copy of the deed granted in 1832 to Warren Claus, John Claus, Ralfe Clench, Jas. Muirhead, Thomas Butler, Hugh Freel, giving the exact measurement from the boundary tree, of the half acre constituting the burial plot. The farm of two hundred acres has since been sold to two persons and the boundary line runs exactly through the centre of the burial plot. Beautiful old trees wave a requiem over the plateau which overlooks the meandering creek. Some years ago most of the inscriptions were copied by the writer; at a later visit the stones were found lying in all directions, broken by the fall of an immense tree which had been cut down, the vault fallen in and open to the inquisitive and irreverent gamin, who has been known to carry off bones which should have been safe from such desecration.
    Here are some of the inscriptions, the first peculiar in punctuation and orthography:

"Deborah Freel: died 1816 aged 70. My dere: children:
Think on God; And His Commandments: An he will Think on yo: Observ your youth: dont lose no time. Least God should take you in your prime: Serve God above: And on this world fix not your lov."

   Here is an example of the high sounding, carefully arranged periods of those days. In a country churchyard in Scotland I copied one to a divine in much the same style of carefully proportioned descriptive phrases.

   "Here reposes Maria Caroline The generous hearted, high souled, talented and deeply lamented wife of Major Richardson, Knight of the Military Order of Saint Ferdinand, of the First-Class, and Superintendent of Police on the Welland Canal during the administration of Lord Metcalfe. This matchless woman died of Apoplexy and to the exceeding grief of her faithfully attached husband after a few days illness in St. Catharines on the 16th day of Aug. 1845 at the age of 37 years.It is remarkable how much the husband tells of himself in the wife's epitaph.

   Here also are stones to Butler Muirhead, barrister, andJames Muirhead, surgeon, (the former died in 1824), Mary, wife of John Gustavus Stevenson and daughter of James and Jane Butler, also one to Eliza, wife of Charles Richardson, a large flat stone mentions that it was erected as a family monument by Chas. Richardson, A. D. 1835 and reads thus: "Sacred to the memory of Ralfe Clench, died Jan. 1828. aged 66 years, Eliza Euretta Richardson, youngest daughter of Ralfe Clench and Elizabeth, and wife of Chas. Richardson, died Sept. 1833, aged 25 years, Jane, wife of Robert Rist, late Capt. of 37th Regt., and eldest sister of Chas. Richardson, (lied 1831."
The Major Richardson referred to was the author of The Two Brothers, The Prophecy, Wacousta, and a History of the War of 1812. Ralfe Clench was one of the Rangers, afterwards Judge, Member of Parliament, and when advanced in life, fought at Queenston Heights. A small enclosure has flat stones to two sons of Col. Butler, Thomas Butler and Johnson Butler, who died in December, 1812, and their wives, also Judge Thos. Butler, the son of Thos. Butler.
     Another stone chronicles "Samuel Cox who was born on the ocean between Germany and New York 1759, died 1822." Col. John Butler himself, that doughty veteran has no stone to mark the spot where he is interred. Some years ago an attempt was made to locate the grave and bury the remains in St. Mark's but the design was abandoned.
      It is pleasant to record that the Park Commissioners, Niagara Falls, have lately placed a strong iron fence around the half acre and it is hoped a cairn will be placed with the names of those interred within.

     In the Servos burial place on the farm of Mrs. Mary Servos, there are five generations buried. Here is the grave of the widow of Col. Johnson, who was killed at the taking of Fort Niagara, 1759.
"Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth Johnson, who died 8th Nov., 1811, aged 104 years." She had thus survived her husband 52 years; another is to her daughter, Elizabeth Servos, wife of Daniel Servos, who died in 1821, aged 72. Here also is buried Magdalene Servos, wife of John Whitmore, the little girl who witnessed the killing of her grandfather in the Revolutionary War and was brought away to Canada several years after by her father, afterwards marrying John Whitmore, himself at one time a prisoner with the Indians, his nose and ears being slit by them; their daughter became the wife of our distinguished litterateur, William Kirby, F. R. S. C.

     "Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth, relict of Cohn McNabb, Esq., of, near Niagara, who departed this life Sept. 26th, 1813, aged 44 years; also of their son, Cohn Alexander, Lieut. in H. M. late Nova Scotia Fencibles Regt., who departed this life Nov. 10th, 1820." In St. Mark's register is a pathetic reference to the former, as recorded by Mr. Addison: "On the day on which the engagement between Sir J as. Yeo and Commodore Chauncey took place on the lake, our dear friend, Mrs. McNabb, was buried in Mr. Servos's burying ground, 29th Sept., 1813."

     A large monument is to Col. J. D. Servos, who died in 1847, aged 62, and another to Daniel Servos, Esq., who died 26th March, 1803, aged 65. In the Anglican Church at Virgil are two tablets on the walls to these, thus: "In Memoriam Capt. Daniel Servos of Butler's Rangers, United Empire Loyalist, who died March 26th, 1803, aged 65.
   "Col. John D. Servos, born in Niagara, 1784, was Captain, of the Lincoln Militia during the war of 1812-15. Commanded the Militia at Chippawa during the Rebellion of 1837-8, died April 24th, 1847."
Other names found here are Tannahill, Fuller, Lowe, and several Indians here found sepulture, and one at least who could not have been a U. E. L., as a flat stone commemorates, Wm. Lowe, of the parish of Clogheen, County of Tipperary, Ireland, and his wife, who died in 1813.
    On the farm was one of the first mills in the country, and part of the house still standing was built in 1784. Old account books of that date show curious items, and commissions signed by different Governors assert the military spirit of the family. The last interment was that of Mrs., Mary Servos, daughter of John C. Ball who fought at Queenston Heights.

    The Ball graveyard at Locust Grove has also several generations buried in its enclosure. The Jacob Ball who came with his three sons, bringing forty men, in 1780, lies here. "In memory of Jacob Ball, born 1733, died 1810." Having fought in the Queen's Rangers and Butler's Rangers through the Revolutionary War, he was spared the second contest, dying two years before the war of 1812. The sons, Peter, John and George are buried here. The wife of Jacob Ball, the elder, Mary Ball, died in 1814, aged 78, in the midst of wars alarms and shortly after the family residence had been burnt.
    How strangely occur references to the distant possessions of this vast empire, as here in this quiet country graveyard is buried a daughter of Major McKie, East India Company's service.
Another U. E. L. name is found here: Elizabeth Showers, wife of Peter Ball, born 1764, died 1844.
The last interred here was John W. Ball, 1813-1890, for fifty years an office bearer in St. Mark's, the son of George Ball, the fourth son, who came in 1784.
    Peter Ball, 1755-1836; George Ball, 1765-1854; John Ball, died 1822, aged 62 years, also. Catherine Overholt, the wife of George Ball, who died in 1845, aged 59. "Eliza Maria, wife of John W. Ball, and daughter of Rev. Wm. Sampson, of Grimsby, 1818-1856." Margaret, second daughter of George Ball, 1808-1894. It was to George Ball that the nephew of Sir Isaac Brock gave the General's cocked hat, which came out shortly after the death of that commander, and by their descendants is entrusted to the Historical Society.

    Near the residence of Mr. Geo. Field, which is an historic house, having been used as a hospital in the war of 1812, is a graveyard in which are interred members of three families. The house near was built by Gilbert Field, the first brick house on the river road and before the beginning of the century. A tombstone tells us that he died in 1815, aged 50, while his son, Daniel Field, who fought at Detroit, Queenston, and Lundy's Lane, died in 1873, having received for his services a medal gained by the instrumentality of Hon. Wm. H. Merritt, as shown in a letter dated Quebec, 1852.
    In another division of the plot is an inscription:
"Sacred to the memory of Solomon S. Vrooman, born Dec. 5th, 1783, died Aug. 21st, 1874," also to his wife, Mary Brown. S. S. Vrooman fought at Queenston Heights and his picture appears in a group of eight veterans taken in l869 in front of the monument, their united ages being 609. The position of Vrooman's battery is yet pointed out. A thick gray stone double, with a perpendicular division, with angels faces carved above, has these words:
"In memory of Joseph Brown, died 1821, aged 65, and his consort, Rebecca Johnson, 9th March, 1808."

"Remember men when thou pass by
As you are now so once was I,
As we are now so you must be,
Remember men that all must die."

    Two others of the date 1808 also have angel's faces.
"In memory of Nancy Vrooman, daughter of Solomon and Mary Vrooman, died April, 1808, in the 16th year of her age. Erected March, 1824."
Also Phebe Brown, died 1808, showing the early possession of the farm, still in the same name.

    An almost forgotten family burying plot on the Cox farm, which, having passed through many hands in the century, we may readily understand why the stones are broken and almost illegible. This in old times was the Bellinger farm, there have evidently been nearly a score of graves: rough stones still stand, and from the dry bed of the brook we gathered fragments which we pieced together with some degree of success. On a brownish grey stone, with the lettering still quite plain on the one half yet standing, was a quotation from the Apocrypha, the first found from its pages of all so far examined, and in another respect this stone is unique as fuller particulars are given than elsewhere found: while others give year, month and day of birth and death these give the hour of both.
"In memory of Phillip Bellinger, who was born ____20th, 1725, between 4 and 5 oclock in the morning, and died Feb. 16th, 1799, between 4 and 5 oclock in the morning."
    "Here rests the body of Nanna Pawling, wife of G. A. Pawling, who was born Aug. 1802, at ______oclock in the
morning, and died June ____, at ____ oclock in the morning.
She being made perfect in a short time fulfilled a long time, for her soul pleased the Lord, therefore He hasted to take her away from among the wicked.Eccles., chap. 4, verse 13 and 14."
I looked in vain in Ecclesiastes for this verse, then ii Ecclesiasticus, finally found it in the Wisdom of Solomon, but with the word he instead of she. Since finding this inscription, placed here nearly a century ago, a pathetic interest attaches to it, as we find that these are the verses selected by the Princess Alice for her father's tomb, Albert the Good, and they certainly seemed appropriate in his case.

    Will require a more lengthened notice, for not only are the inscriptions in the graveyard exceptionally interesting hut the walls of the church both outside and in add their quota of history, romance or poetry. Here rest peacefully together different nationalities and denominations, for, as this was the first burial place, it was used by all at least forty years before other denominations provided a separate place, and to this day many bring their dead from distant homes to lie here beside kindred dust. The spot is an ideal one. Dean Stanley said, "This is a piece of old England, do not allow it to be touched." Graceful elms and drooping weeping willows lend their beauty, whose branches whisper a requiem to the quiet dead, the remains of rifle-pits constructed in the war of 1812 may yet be seen, stones hacked by the soldiery when in the hands of the enemy, all give a fitting setting to the old gray church with its tower and buttresses. The parish dates back to 1792, white the church was built in 1805. The oldest stone may be found on the east corner in the vestibule, having been rescued; from the place where it was almost buried. The rude lettering shows an unskilled land.

    Perhaps the next in date is the following, but dear cut, as if done quite lately:
"Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth Kerr, wife of Robert Kerr, who departed this life at Niagara, 24th January, A. D. 1794. at 32 years."
The husband, Dr. Kerr, died in Albany, in 1824, and was interred there with Masonic honors, being Grand Master. Mrs. Kerr was a daughter of Molly Brant and Sir William Johnson.

    A large flat stone, hacked and marred so as to be almost indecipherable, having been used as a butcher's block during the war while the town was in the hands of the Americans, has this inscription:
"To the memory of Charles Morrison, a native of Scotland, who resided many years at Michilimackinac as a merchant and magistrate, and since the cession of that post to the United States, became a British subject by election for loyalty to his Sovereign and integrity in his dealings he was ever remarkable. He died here on his way to Montreal on the 6th day of Sept., 1804, aged 65 years."

    Another altar tomb near, also defaced in the same way, reads:
"In memory of Geo. Forsyth, who in his long residence as a merchant and magistrate in the town was beloved for his mild manners and great worth, died Sept. 15th, 1806, aged 52 years"
In the porch at the north door of the church, (the older part,) is a tablet which, having fallen down in the graveyard, has been placed here, and is the only record we have here of those who fell defending their country from the invader on the memorable, 27th May, 1813, when a force of 6,000 landed, the Niagara frontier being defended by a force of 1500 only.
   "In memory of Capt. M. McLellan, aged 42 years; Charles Wright and Wm. Cameron, in the 25th year of their age, of the 1st Regiment of Lincoln Militia, who gloriously fell on the 27th May, 1813, also Adjutant Lloyd of the 8th King's Regiment of Infantry.

    "As lurid lightning's dart their vivid light, So poured they forth their fire in bloody fight. They bravely fell and served their country's cause, They loved their Constitution, King and Laws."

    In the first poem published by Mr. Kirby, called the U. E., is a character called by him Ranger John. Here in the eastern side of the graveyard is a simple inscription to the old U. E. Loyalist from whom the character in the poem was drawn.
"John Clement, Esq., died Feb 11th, 1845, aged 87."
The name of Col. John Butler in certain histories is held up to obloquy, but as time rolls of the partisan spirit is dying out, and poet and historian will yet do late justice to the leader of the irregular force called Butler's Rangers. On a tablet in the church may be read these words:

    "Fear God and honour the King. In memory of Cob
John Butler, His Majesty's Commissioner for Indian affairs, born in New London, Connecticut. 1728. His life was spent honorably in the service of the Crown. In the war with France, for the conquest of Canada, he was distinguished at the battle of Lake George, Sept. 1755; at the siege of Fort Niagara and its capitulation, 25th July, 1759. In the war 1776 he took up arms in defence of the unity of the Empire and raised and commanded the Royal American Regiment of Butler's Rangers. A sincere Christian as well as a brave soldier, he was one of the founders and the first patron of this parish. He died at Niagara, May, 1796, and is interred in the family burying ground near this town. Erected 1880."
    Outside the eastern wall a brave young sailor who gave his life for his country is commemorated. Another tablet inside also records his name, the one erected by his nephew at the request of brothers and sisters, the other by Capt. Dobbs, R. N., at the request of his mother.
"Sacred to the memory of Capt. Copeland Radcliffe, OT His Britannic Majesty's Navy, who fell whilst gallantly leading on his men to board one of the enemy's schooners at anchor off Fort Erie on the night of the 12th Aug., 1814."

    Near the north corner of the cemetery is a monument to.
"Col. Ralfe Clench, died Jan. 19th, 1828, aged 66 years, also Elizabeth, his wife, who died Aug. 15th, 1850, aged 78."

    Reference has already been made to the honorable work of Ralfe Clench, the body buried first in Butler's graveyard, was removed here. It is recorded in the very rare copy of the proceedings of the Loyal and Patriotic Society formed during the War of 1812, that the house of Mr. Clench was the only one saved in the town from the conflagration, but it was accidentally burnt shortly after.
    Not far from the church are the graves of two worthies yet unmarked, but who well deserve to be remembered. Dominic Henry, an old soldier of the army of Cornwallis, who afterwards took charge of the lighthouse which stood where Port Mississauga now stands, from 1803 to 1814. His wife who, on the 27th May, 1813, served out refreshments to our forces, had her services acknowledged by the Loyal and Patriotic Society, who presented her with £25, calling her "a heroine not to be frightened."
    Another stone has the inscription:
"Hermanus de Graff, of Schenectady, who departed this life in 1802, aged 28.

"Stop traveller and weep,
For here beneath death's shade,
Snatched from his friends,
A lovely youth is laid.
But sleep in hope,
For soon hell burst this sod,
And rise in air
To meet his Saviour God."

    "In memory of Col. Wm. Kingsmill, son of the late Major Kingsmill, of 1st Royals, died in Toronto, 6th May, 1876. aged 82. Col. Kingsmill served in H. M. 66th Regiment, in the Peninsular War, and afterwards at St. Helena, during Napoleon's captivity. Subsequently in command of 3rd Inf. Corps, Batt. of U. Canadian Militia, and was Sheriff of the Niagara District. He was a gallant soldier."
The Kingsmills, must have been a military family, as in the church are two tablets to the sons of Col. Kingsmill, dying in places far distant, and a grandson is now in the Royal Navy.

"In memoriam Capt. W. D. Kingsmill of R. C. Regt.. born at St. Helena, 1818. Lieut. C. E. Kingsmill, of Ceylon Rifle Regt., died at Hong Kong."
Near this is an inscription in Latin to his wife by one who was an old U. Canada College boy:

In Memoriam
Liviniae
Nicol Kingsmill Uxoris
Quae
In hac parochia
Prid. non . Aug.
A.D., M.D.C.C.C.X.C.V. De Hac Vita Decessit Annos X. L. V. Nata
Dilectissima.
In an enclosure facing the river is a stone with coat of arms and the motto, Denique Coelum.

"Robert Melville, Capt. H. M. 68th Regt., died 1845."
Also a stone to a son of Capt. Schonsuar, 1st Dragoon Guards.
    Where so many military are buried there seems to have been some plan followed, as grouped near one another are soldiers of R. C. Rifles, again of 76th Regt., and in another spot of King's Dragoon Guards.
"Sacred to the memory of Thomas Easton, late trumpeter H. M. Royal Artillery Drivers, who departed this life Feb. 24th, 1832, aged 56 years.
    "Here lies within this silent grave, A Royal soldier, brisk and brave, Who suddenly was called away, From off this sodden foot of clay."

    "Sacred to the memory of William Jolliffe and John Midgley, aged 20 and 21 respectively, who died July 17th, 1825. They belonged to the band of the 76th Regt., and were universally beloved and regretted by their comrades."
Near this lies an old Waterloo veteran, who for many years rode round the town decorated with his medals on the anniversary of the battle, 18th June: "Thos. Fletcher of the 76th Regt., died in 1847."
"Capt. Jas. Baxter, late 68th Regt., and Royal Canadian Rifle Regt., died Feb. 28th, 1865, aged 67 years."
A romantic story is attached to the name of one born in far Greece, but then, alas, Greece enslaved by the savage Turk.
    "In memory of Katherina Haideen, a native of Missolonghi, Greece, wife of Frederick Paffard, born 1823, died at Niagara, 1883." As a child, a captive with the Turks, she attracted the compassion of an English gentleman, who bought her freedom, and educated her in England as his own. The story recalls the fact that at a school in Niagara a collection was taken up to assist the Greeks in 1827, the year of the battle of Navarino.
In the east corner of the church is a tablet:
"Sacred to the memory of Henrietta Eliza Sewell, wife of F. J. Lundy, B. C. L., assistant minister of this parish, and daughter of the Hon. Jonathan Sewell, D. C. L., late Chief justice of Lower Canada, died 1847, aged 39."
    On the outside wall:
"Anne, consort of Capt. Chas. Paynter, daughter of Sir Robert Ruthven, Bart., died 1836, aged 32. "The body lies inside of the new part of this church, east side, parallel with and 9½ feet from the corner of the old wall."
    "Capt. Geo. Deare, R. C. R., eldest son of the late Lieut. Col. Deare, 8th Hussars, who died at Niagara, 1851, aged 32 years. This tablet is erected by his brother officers as a testimony of esteem and regard."
    From a tablet in the church we learn that others besides Gen. Brock were buried at Fort George.
"Donald Campbell, Islay, Argyleshire, Fort Major, of Fort George, died 1st Dec., 1812. Interred on west side of Garrison Gate. Fort George."
    A handsome tablet commemorates another Peninsular War veteran:
"Sacred to the memory of Lieut. Col. Wm. Elliot, K. B., of the R. C. Rifle Regt. Colonel commanding Niagara frontier, who died at Niagara, Dec. 17th, 1845, aged 55 years. .39 years of his life were devoted to his country, he having served in most of the glorious victories of the Peninsular War. This tablet is erected by the officers of the Royal C. Rifle Regt., as a memorial of affection and of sincere regret for his lamented death."
On the outer wall, the sons-in-law of Rev. R. Addison are remembered:
"John Andrew Stevenson. born in Dublin, 1790, died at Oakwood, near Niagara, 1832."
A letter has been lately found written to his father-in-law, Mr. Addison, after the disastrous battle of Chippawa.
"George Connoly, born in Dublin, 1784, died at Lake Lodge, near Niagara, 1857."
"In memory of Richard Hiscott, born in Wiltshire, England, 1790, died at Niagara, Canada, 1874. Deservedly esteemed both as a citizen and a soldier. In early life he served with honour in H. M. 76th Regt., of foot, and was in many battles of the Peninsular War and in Canada. He settled in Niagara,, where a, large family of his descendants and numerous friends lament his death."

    Two beautiful mural tablets in the transept read thus:
"In memory of. the Hon. Robert Dickson, of Woodlawn. Niagara, member of the Legislative Council of Canada, who died at Leghorn,, Italy, 1846, aged 50. This tablet is erected by her who fondly cherishes the recollection of those endearing qualities which were: so long the solace of her life, and who mourns her with a. hope full of consolation."
    The mourning widow, dying like her husband, far from home, is commemorated in fewer words:
"In. memory of Jane Jones, relict of the Hon. Robt. Dickson, of Woodlawn, Niagara, who died at Montreal, 1854, aged 60 years.
    In the graveyard is a memorial to the father of Hon. Robert Dickson:
"In memory of the Hon. Wm. Dickson, of Woodlawn, Niagara, born in Dumfries, Scotland, 1769, died at Niagara,Jan. 1st, 1846, and of Charlotte Adlem, wife of Hon. Wm.Dickson born in London, England, 1771, died at Niagara,Jan. 1st, 1826." This must have been she who, lying ill in bed, was carried out and lay in the snow watching the destruction of t he house with its library worth £ 600, the day the town was burnt, her husband being a prisoner at Greenbush.

Length of service seems to have been the rule here, for besides the unique fact that in the hundred years of the church history, there were only three rectors, the parish clerk had a still longer term of office than the above average. On a small stone:

    "To the memory of John Wray, 50 years parish clerk of St. Mark's, who died at an advanced age, Oct. 6th, 1846."
    In the church at the north end is a large tablet let in the wall in memory of the first minister, whose circuit extended to Long Point, York, Grimsby, etc.
"In memory of the Rev. Robt. Addison, first missionary in this district of the Venerable the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. He commenced his labors in 1792, which by the blessing of Divine Providence, he was enabled to continue for 37 years. Besides his stated services as minister of St. Mark's in the town, he visited and officiated in different parts of this and adjoining districts until other missionaries arrived. He was born in Westmoreland, England. Remember them which have the rule over you."
Near this is a large tablet to the second rector:
    "In memory of Rev. Thos. Creen, late Rector of Niagara, born in Rathfriland, Ireland, Nov. 20th, 1799, died at Niagara, Jan. 6th, 1864. How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings that publisheth peace. Isaiah 52, 7."
Mr. Creen was educated at Glasgow University, was a ripe scholar, and for several years taught the Grammar School. The tablet was erected by old pupils, members of a private class.
One of the stained glass windows is in memory of the third Rector, Rev. Wm. McMurray, D.D., D.C.L.
Another teacher who also took his place in fighting at Queenston Heights and wrote a history of the war of 1812, printed at Niagara (now very rare) was a captain in the Royal Scots, David Thomson. An educator in another line a~ an editor and publisher, Mr. Andrew Heron, lies here, his four wives beside him in an enclosure between the two defaced stones previously mentioned. The Gleaner newspaper published from 1817 to 1837, and many books which he printed are his monument. He was the founder, secretary-treasurer and librarian of the Niagara Library, numbering 1,000 volumes, which existed from 1800 to 1820. He was also the secretary and treasurer of St. Andrew's church for many years.
Many quaint and curious lines may be found on the old stones; as to a child who died Mar. 2nd, 1802, aged 4 years, Ann Graham.

"My time is short: the longer my rest
God called me heare because he thought it best
So weep not; drie up your tears
Heare must i lie till Christ Apears.

The exigencies of rhyme, rhythm and syntax are bold met and conquered; metaphors and similes, appropriate or not, abound.

"The fairest flower that nature shews,
Sustains the sharpest doom,
His life was like a morning rose
That withers in its bloom.
Weep not mother for John is at rest
His sins forgot and in Heaven blest."

    "Sacred to the memory of the two infant children of R.U. Turney, chaplain to H. B. Majesty's Forces, and Jane, his wife."
Does this mean that he was chaplain to the Forces and Jane his wife?
But verse is not yet exhausted. On the tombstone of two children of Alexander McKee, dying in 1813, are the following lines: it is told that the father was a prisoner at Fort Niagara and was allowed to come to the funeral. Losing his property when the town was burnt, he taught a classical School, assisted by his wife, and both lie buried beside their children:

Ah here they lie as budding roses
Blasted before their bloom
Whose innocence did sweets disclose
Beyond that flower's perfume."
"Dear as thou didst in modest worth excell,
More dear than in a daughter's name farewell,

Farewell dear Maria; but the hour is nigh
When if I'm worthy we shall meet on high
Then shall I say triumphant from the tomb
Come to thy mother's arms dear Maria come."

Another:

Filial affection stronger than the grave
From Time's obliterating hand to save
Erects this humble monument of stones
Over a father's and a mother's bones."
"He's gone! No more his infant smiles
The smile of innocence shall dart
His power electric to expand
And warm a tender parent's heart;
His lips which I kissed are faded and cold
His hands which I clasped are covered with mould
His form which I clasped is crumbled away
And soon by his side his weepers shall lay.

On the tombstone of a child, Mary Rogers, dying in 1812:

God plants his flowers at any time And, plucks when he thinks proper Then why should we repine?

William Grier, aged 27, died in 1813, the son of John Grier, a noted merchant:

Ye mourning friends as you pass by
This monument survey
Learn ere your solemn hour draws nigh
To choose that better way.

    Of "Jane Cassady, the wife of John Whitten," it is told that when a child she carried her younger brother on her back out to Butler's farm for safety the day the town was taken, 27th May, 1813. Who in this degenerate day deserves such praise as that in the line given below?

"Here lies as much virtue as could live."
"Man's life what is it? Tis a flower Looks fresh and dies within the hour."

    These are all in the first years of the century and form a contrast with the brief lines on two monuments of late years.
"The memory of a life nobly rendered is immortal."
"Laid here in faith, hope and love all that is mortal of.

    A trace of the rude hand of war is here recorded;
"Sacred to the memory of John McFarland, a native of Paisley, Scotland. He was taken prisoner at the capture of Fort George and escaped from Green Bush near the close of the war, 1815. He returned to his place, Niagara, and, finding his property burnt up and destroyed by the enemy, it enervated him so much that he died in a few months after, in the 64th year of his age."
    On a tombstone near the north corner appears Pope's line, and the epitaph is unique as describing a man who had gained all the wealth he desired. We all know the story of the Ancient king vainly searching the world for a happy man.
    "An honest man's the noblest work of God. In memory of Archibald Cunningham, who was born in Scotland and resided nearly 30 years in Canada. Having during half of that time by Strict Integrity and by persevering Industry in the Paths of Commerce acquired a competency equal to his wishes he retired to his Farm and there by a life of Frugal Simplicity and disinterested Benevolence he retained the affection of all his friends and procured the respect of all his neighbors. These sentiments, evincing the Esteem of those who accompanied him through Life, have by them been engraven on this Monument. Erected by a grateful and effectionate Friend, Oh. 21st Aug., 1804." A grand niece, Miss Sibbald, was, by her request, buried beside him in 1904, a century later.

A naval hero, a beloved physician and a Methodist class leader, are thus commemorated:

"Sacred to the memory of Philip Hopkins, Commander of H. M. Cruiser Vandeleur, who departed this life July 11th, 1858, aged 75."

"In loving memory of Robt. M. Wilson, M.D., who died at Simcoe, May 31st, 1875. Their eyes shall behold the king in his beauty, they shall behold the land that is very far off." (This was a favorite verse of the deceased.)

"Andrew Brady, born at Queenston Heights Aug. 15th, 1789, died 1875."

Many remember him familiarly known as Father Brady.
A sad story is told on a cross in an enclosure with seven graves, of young men snatched from life suddenly.
"In affectionate remembrance of Robert C. Henderson, J. H. Murray, C. E. Anderson, Weir Anderson, Philips Braddon, C. V. W. Vernon, Vincent H. Taylor; who were lost on 11th July, 1874, by the foundering of the Yacht Foam."
    One of the beautiful memorial windows is in memory of a merchant of the town, whose stately form and handsome face gave him the cognomen of "Lord John," a friend of the celebrated Mrs. Jameson, and referred to in her life, "John Lees Alma, 1890, by his wife and daughters." A daughter, Emily, was born at Valparaiso, Chili, and this shows again from what distant lands these inmates of "God's Acre" hail, as does the next inscription.
"Murray Powell, son of John Powell, Sub-Inspector of Mounted Police, Victoria, Australia."
Near this a noted lawyer of the town is commemorated by a stately ivy covered monument.
"Charles Letham Hall, Barrister at Law."

    Here lies buried Capt. Alexander Garrett of the Grenadiers, who fought with Brock at Queenston Heights. On an old stone with the name of John Emery, 1813, the lines:

    "Waken, 0 Lord, our drowsy sense to walk this dangerous road, And if our souls are hurried hence May they be found with God."

    It is remarkable the number of retired clergy who lie buried here, Rev. Henry Cottingham, Rev. Romaine Rolph, Rev. Peter Roe, Rev. Matthew Ker, D. D., Rev. ~H. N, Philips, Rev. Canon Arnold, Rev. Prof. Beavan, Rev. John S. Clarke.
The third rector is thus kept in memory as well as by the beautiful memorial window:

    "To the Glory of God and in memory of William McMurray, D.D, D.C.L., Archdeacon of Niagara and Rector of
St. Mark's Parish for 37 years. Born Sept. 19th, 1810, died May 19th, 1894. Lord, I have loved the habitation of Thy house and the place where Thine honor dwelleth. Ps. 28, 8." Also, to his first wife

    "Sacred to the memory of Charlotte Johnston, wife of Rev. Wm. McMurray, died 1871, aged 71."
This was a sister of Mrs. Schoolcraft and daughter of Chief Johnston, an Irish gentleman of Sault Ste Marie, referred to by Mrs. Jaimeson in her "Summer Rambles and Winter Studies," as marrying an Indian Maiden, Ogeneboquab.
On a tablet in the church to Amelia Baxter, widow of Dr. McMurray, is found this praise:
"This woman was full of good works and alms-deeds which she did." Acts 9.36.
Another has the name of Elizabeth, wife of Senator Plumb, and daughter of Thomas C. Street.
Here too was buried Jean Baptiste Rousseaux, a native of Paris, Interpreter to the Indian Chief Joseph Brant, the great Thyendanagea.
    The eminent virtues of a child of nine are not often spoken of:
"Sacred to the memory of Robert D. Wright, son of the late Chas. Wright of Niagara, who departed this life 9th June, 1822, aged 9 years and 7 mos.

Although I walk in Death's dark vale
Yet will I fear no ill,
For thou art with me and thy rod
And staff me comfort still.

    "This stone was erected by David Thompson, his step-father, as a memorial of his eminent virtues."
The father, Charles Wright, was one of the four who lie near, killed 27th May, 1813, and the stepfather, who fought at Queenston Heights and was afterwards a teacher in the town, lies near without any stone to mark his grave.

    A brass tablet in the church commemorates the centenary of the church:"To the glory of God! This tablet is erected by the Congregation of St. Mark's Church, in grateful commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the foundation of this parish on the 9th July, 1792. The nave of the church was built about 1807 and burned during the war of 1812, the walls only remaining. It was restored in 1820 and enlarged to the present dimensions in 1843 During the century the living has been held by the following incumbents: The Rev. Robert Addison, 1792 to 1829; The Rev. Thomas Creen, 1829 to 1857; The Rev. William McMurray, D.D., D.C.L., Archdeacon of Niagara, to the present time, assisted since 1888 by the Rev. J. C. Garrett as curate in charge."
From the archives of Canada it is pretty conclusively shown that the church was built in 1804 and from the records of the S. P G lately received, service was not held in it till 1808. The number of interments in 1818-1826-7, seems remarkable, and almost without exception each stone has a verse, of varying degrees of merit or otherwise. A child, Mary Ann Tannahill, 1826

My Marian gone, a mother cries
And soon the tomb will from me hide
My life, my love, my infant dear
To sleep in death and silence here.

    Many soldiers of the 76th Regiment of foot are buried near one another, as in another part of the graveyard are members of the 1st or King's Dragoon Guards, also is found mention of the 100th Regt., Obadiah Creed, and still another arm of the service as "Alexander Gardiner, a native of Perthshire, North Britain, Master Mason in the Royal Engineer Department at this post during many years, a situation which he fulfilled with entire satisfaction to his superiors and the esteem of all his acquaintances," died 1824, aged 65.
The present day taste in inscriptions is... shewn in a memorial to a soldier of a later date:
"In memory of Percy Beale, late Captain and Adjutant Her Majesty's l0th Foot, Lincolnshire Regt. Died at the bungalow, Niagara, 1902.
The day has sung its song of sorrow, and over the grave of the widow:

    "After the day has sung its song of sorrow One by one the golden stars appear."
The small grey stone over the infant grandchild of Chief Justice Powell, dying here in 1812, has an appropriate couplet:

"Such the mild Saviour to his arms receives
And the full blessing of His Kingdom gives.

    A large flat stone commemorates. John Wilson, a church warden for many years, whose will leaves property to his thirteen children; near by are inscriptions to three of his wives, Jane Wilson in 1808, Ann Wlson, 1819, and Mary in 1854. In the U. E. L. lists his father is called Irish John.

    A group of tombstones seem to have formed a family burial plot, with the names of Rogers, Grier and Koune, all related.
Alexander Rogers, died 1818, aged 35.
Mary Rogers, relict of John Rogers, died in 1828, aged 78, having lived in Niagara since 1806.
John Rogers died, 1820.
James Rogers died 1854, aged 45.
Jane Grier died 1835, in the 84th year of her age.

    The Harrington Hotel was kept by Alexander Rogers, and afterwards by his wife.
Elizabeth, wife of Charles Koune, died 1844, aged 70, born in Ireland.
John Grier, born in 1761, died in 1833, was a noted merchant of the town and an elder in the Presbyterian church for many years. Letters in the Archives in Ottawa shew his claim for the damage to his tannery in the war of 1812-14.

An old grey stone bears the names of Richard and Diana Pointer, 1817 and 1818:

"A father kind, a mother dear
In silent death doth slumber here,
And Ben God's trump the earth shall quake
In Christ we hope they will awake.
Their offspring then to God be given
And all enjoy sweet rest in heaven.

    "Robert Wilson of Sunderland, Co., Durham, England, died July 1839."
Farewell dear wife and children all wherever you remain, The Lord of Hosts be your defence till we do meet again.
Followed by the rather singular addition: "Also to the Memory of Catharine Keo his mother-in-law, August, 1839."

    A late inscription brings up several well known names:
Eliza Addison Stevenson, 1827-1906, widow of John Cockcroft Kirkpatrick, daughter of John Andrew Stevenson, and grand-daughter of Rev. Robert Addison the first rector of this parish."

   A tablet lately placed in the church to the memory of the veteran litterateur, William Kirby, has this inscription, said to have been composed by himself:
"In memory of William Kirby, F. R. S. C., for twenty-four years Collector of Customs for Niagara. The author of Le Chien dor (the Golden Dog), Canadian Idylls, and other works of just repute, a true man, with the loyalty, courage and spirit of his race, born at Hull, Yorkshire, 13th Oct. 1817, died at Niagara 23rd June, 1906. Also in memory of his dear wife, Eliza Magdalene Whitmore, U. E. L., born in Niagara Twp., 14th Aug. 1817, died at Niagara 5th June, 1891."

   An old grey stone brings up a story of the roar of cannon, of deadly strife, of blazing houses in bleak December, of the cries of children, despairing mothers brought out from sick beds:
"In memory of Mrs. G. Taylor, wife of Thos. Taylor,
Esq., of Hamilton, Gore District, who departed this life 6th June 1833, age 46." Thos. Taylor was Fort Major, succeeding Fort Major Campbell in 1812, at Fort George. It is related that Mrs. Taylor and four children living at what is known as the "Wilderness," the Property of the Claus family, hid in what is called the "Pit," an old roothouse, their only shelter for some time, and that forty took refuge in an old dug-out when the town was burned, and lived there for the winter.
A beautiful memorial window copied from a celebrated painting in Italy, the Resurrection morning, the women at the tomb, commemorates Mrs. Fell of Buffalo.

    The latest addition to this fine old cemetery is a handsome massive mausoleum, shewing filial affection; here are placed the bodies of the father and mother, Robert and Annie Carnathan, of Mrs. Baur, also that of her husband, Charles Baur, shewing too the love for Niagara, as Mrs, Baur, living long in Terre Haute, Indiana, returns to her birthplace, bringing her dead for sepulture in this old God Acre.
The quotations are from the Song of Solomon and Cardinal Newman's hymn:

"Until the day break and the shadows flee away."
"And with the morn those angel faces smile
Which I have loved long since and lost a while.

An old stone enclosure has two large flat stones:

"James Monro, Rossshire, Scotland, 1832."

With the rather unusual text:

"Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection, on such Death has no power."

    Here, too, rests the body of Thomas McCormick, the manager of the old Bank of Upper Canada, and church warden for many years, 1784 -1867, and of his wife, Augusta Honoria, daughter of Secretary Jarvis, born in London, 1790, died 1848, and of Mrs. Wm. McCormick, nee Arnoldi, born 1765, died 1855, having been a widow for seventy years.
Two descendants of United Empire Loyalists are buried here; Col. Peter Servos and his brother, Daniel Servos part of the original house built in 1784 still stands on the Lake road.

   In this enclosure, where the first church was erected in the town, in 1794, none were buried till 1833, the first to be interred, he who conducted the first Sunday School in the town for fourteen years, is in a few words mentioned:

"Sacred t6 the memory of John Crooks, died Mar. 31st, 1833, aged 36. A native of Greenock, Scotland."

He was the postmaster of the town, whose benevolent deed to prisoners in the jail confined for debt is mentioned in papers of that period, in sending firewood to them in the depth of Winter.

    Next this enclosure is one covered with fragrant lilies of the valley. A small tablet in the wall has these words:
"The Minister's Burying Place." "For me to live is Christ and to die is gain."
Singular to say, in the century of its history, no minister this church has been buried here, only a small mound, that of an infant of a day, may b& seen in the plot.

    A few military heroes and several U. E. Loyalists found here their last resting place. as: "Sacred to the memory of Donald McDonald, of the 79th Highlanders, died 1846." "Lachlan Currie, 68th Regt.; fought in the Peninsular

    Of one U. E. Loyalist buried here the story is told that he was, when a child, a captive among the Indians for several years.
"In memory of Jas. Cooper, born in Scotland, 1770; emigrated to America in 1774; died 1856, in his 86th year."

"Elizabeth Hixon, his wife, born in the Province of New Jersey in 1773, emigrated to Canada in 1788, died 1855, aged 82."
Descendants of Capt. Jacob Ball of Butler's Rangers are buried here, Wm. M. Ball and his son, Robert N. Ball, both office-bearers in St. Andrew's church.

"John Eglesum, died 1851, aged 93."

A skilful physician and surgeon, the brother of Prof. Campbell of Edinburgh University, and who dying in Toronto, "wished to be buried "as near old St. Andrew's as possible," is thus commemorated:

"In memory of Duncan Campbell, M.D., of Edinburgh, died Feb. 4th, 1879, aged 68 years."

A later grave is that of "John Majoribanks Lawder, for many years judge of the County of Lincoln."

One of the fathers of the church, for fifty years was connected with it as an office-bearer, and was also an officer in the Lincoln Militia in 1812.

"Willam Duff Miller, 1786-1859."

A benefactor of the church who left a legacy of £750, which afterwards purchased the manse, is thus remembered:

"Sacred to the memory of Catharine Young, who died 1840, aged 67. This tribute of regard is erected by the relatives of her husband, Jno. Young, who was drowned in Lake Ontario, July 30th, 1840."

Dr. Whitelaw, a distinguished scholar who taught the Grammar School both in Niagara and Kingston, lies here, dying in 1850.

    In the vestibule is a mural tablet:
"Sacred to the memory of John Young, Esq., long a merchant of Niagara. Returning home in pain and infirmity, he was drowned in Lake Ontario, where his body tests awaiting the hour when the sea shall give up her dead. In his last illness, concerned for the welfare of coming generations, he ordained a bequest for the perpetual maintenance of divine ordinances in this church. He met death July 29th, 1840, aged 73. Pray for the peace of Jerusalem, because of the house of the Lord I will seek thy good." From him Youngstown received its name.

The Wagstaff plot commemorates settlers before and after the war of 1812.
John Wagstaff, a merchant of the town for many years, 1779-1852; Sarah Wagstaff, 1785-1854.

"Her virtues and her worth
Shall fond remembrance cheer.

"Elizabeth Remington, wife of Richard Wagstaff

A few short years of evil past,
We reach the happy shore.

Near this is the Davidson plot:

Walter Davidson, 1799-1850; his wife Sarah, 1792-1848, their sons, John, William, James, David.

Beside Dr. Whitelaw, the whole family, who died young, are buried.

    The next plot is the McFarland's, whose brick house, built in 1800, still stands. They are all descendants of one who was a prisoner at Greenbush, referred to in St. Mark's. One of these, James, buried in another plot, was one of the guides to the force, which captured Fort Niagara, Dec. 19, 1813.

Joseph Barr, a victim of the Des Jardins canal tragedy, Mar. 12th, 1857.

John Ross, born in Montreal, 1781, died at Niagara, 1863.
John Mencilley, aged 86, for many years keeper of stores at Fort George.

Col. Robt. Miller lies here, and Wm. Wright, Royal Engineers.

John Rogers, an office-bearer of the church for fifty Years, like Col. W. D. Miller.

In an enclosure full of headstones lies John McCulloch, a noted merchant of the town, born in Wigtonshire, Scotland.

Jacob Field and Murray Field, descendants of U. E. L. families, lie here.
Janet McPherson, aged 93, wife of Neil Black, and the brothers, John, Alexander, Lachlan, aged 80, 89 and 99, respectively.
    A few Africans who escaped from slavery lie here and lately were found the remains, no doubt hastily interred, of a soldier of the King's 8th, who fell 27th May, 1813.
A stout slab of oak, which has stood for over fifty years, while more modern marble stones have fallen, broken in two, tells of another soldier:
"Thomas Ferguson, Royal Canadian Rifles, of the parish of Pithenween, Fifeshire, died in 1852.

A faithful friend, a father dear,
A loving husband lieth here;
Great is the loss we now sustain
We hope in Heaven to meet again.

   That of another gives a hint of the troubles and expense caused to the Canadian Government by the Civil War in the United States:
"In memory of Jas. Falconer, private of No.2 Co., of Central Administrative Battalion, who died while serving upon the frontier Mar. 1st, 1865.
"This monument was erected to his memory by the officers, non-commissioned officers and men of his company."
Here lies a young surgeon from Edinburgh:
"John Fairweather, Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, died, 1839, aged 28."

   Many names shewing nationality are found here, as McFarland, McPherson Davidson, Dawson, Logan, Swinton, Currie, Forbes, Carnochan, Elliott, Gordon, McIntyre, Blain, Hutchinson, McMicking, Pringle. Lachlan McPherson had far passed the limit of the Psalmist, having attained almost his hundredth year.

The Centennial tablet reads thus:

    "in grateful commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary of the organization of this congregation, this tablet i~ erected by the members of St. Andrew's Church, Niagara. The first building, begun in October 1794 and erected on this spot, was burnt in the war of 1812-14. The congregation met in St. Andrew's schoolroom on the north corner of this block for some years. The present church was built in 1831. The ministers have been Rev. John Dun, Rev. John Young, Rev. Jno. Burns, Rev. Thomas Fraser, Rev. Robt. McGill, D. D., Rev. John Cruickshank, D.D., Rev. J. B. Mowat, M. A., 1). D., Rev. Charles Campbell, Rev. Wm. Cleland, Rev. J. W. Bell, M. A., and the present pastor, Rev. N. Smith."

   The church was built in 1834; previous to this St. Mark's graveyard was used by all denominations. In the church is a tablet with this inscription:
"To the memory of Lieut. Adjt. Reginald McDonnell, Royal Canadian Rifle Regt., who died at Niagara, C. W., on the 20th Dec. 1551, aged 39 years. This tablet is erected by his brother officers as a testimony of regard." In the graveyard is a stone with a similar inscription.

   In the enclosure of the McDougal family is the grave of Col. D. McDougal, treasurer of the united counties of Lincoln, Welland, and Haldimand for many years. He fought at Lundy's Lane and lay on the field all night, being reported as mortally wounded, but recovered, carrying in his body a bullet to his grave. In the Historical Room is the original document authorizing Daniel McDougal to enlist men in Glengarry to serve in the war, dated April, 1813, E. McDonell, Prescott.

    Bishop McDonell, who ministered to the Catholic regiment from Glengarry, Scotland, was often entertained at Col. McDougal's in Niagara. The wife and her mother, buried here, show their Scottish origin, McNabb and McDonell.

    Near this enclosure lies buried one of the benevolent ladies of the town, whose kind face and ready smile are not forgotten, Mrs.. Stevenson. A letter in an old Niagara Gleaner of 1832, tells of the time when debtors were imprisoned and of the kindness of Mrs. Stevenson in sending comforts to prisoners.

    A young and beloved priest, Father Lynch, lies here, his grave kept covered with flowers by loving, hands. In a distant corner is a monument to mark the grave of Patrick Lawless, the fireman of the Steamer Zimmerman, burnt to death on board on the night of Aug. 21st, 1863.
Near this is a mark of filial affection. Father John Kennedy has placed this inscription to the memory of his father:

    "In memoriam Bernardi Kennedy, cujus anima Ut Reqilie scat in pace, desiderantur fidelium suifragia mortuns est IV Kal Decembris A. D. 1857, Anno AEtatis suae 53, Grato animo filius ems Reverendus Joannes P. Kennedy Presbyter. Hoc eregi curavit."

    Another mark of respect to parents buried years ago is the handsome mausoleum near the church erected lately by Hugh J. Chisholm, a, millionaire of New York, the bodies of his father and mother, Alexander Chisholm and Mary Chisholm, first buried in the graveyard, having been transferred to this solid structure.

    Not many old soldiers are buried here, but there is one inscription to the memory of James E. Burns of the Royal Canadian Rifles, Sergeant; also his father, Thomas Burns, a respected, pensioner, for many years belonging to the band of that Regiment.

    Very few verses are found, but one attracts attention:
"Gloria in Excelsis Deo, Patrick McLaughlin, a native of Sligo, Ireland, 1853, aged 26.

Remember me, my Christian friends,
And, then in charity pray
That God may blot out all my sins
The general judgment day.
With humble prayers then may crave
When you perceive that from my grave
I ask my last request from you
To whom I bid my last adieu.

The words on many, stones are, "Pray for his soul." The names found here generally show the nationality as Fagan, Brady, O'Neil, O'Donnell, Lynch. There are many fine monuments to members of the families of Doyle, Greene, Healey. Barron,, Gurvine, Murphy, Freel, Petley, McGuire, Walsh, Reilley, Kearins.

This church, erected in 1829 by the exertions of John Oakley, who came to Fort George in 1814 and had charge of the Field Train Department, was removed some time ago, being no longer used. At one time several hundred escaped slaves found shelter under the British flag, and here are buried many of these dusky Africans, but one white child was buried here in 1832, that of the above mentioned Rev. John Oakley, who was a teacher and preacher.

Here too is buried a hero whose name should not be forgotten, though it is unrecorded in marble or granite. Herbert Holmes, a teacher and exhorter, who organized a band of colored men of several hundreds to surround the jail and pre-vent the return of Mosely, an escaped slave from Kentucky, who was by law ordered to be given up. The civil and military authorities were called out, soldiers, constables, sheriff, and the Riot Act read. The prisoner escaped, but Holmes and Green were shot and lie buried here, having given their lives to save their brother from slavery. Were not they heroes indeed, and should not their names be commemorated?

This congregation is also a century old. The church was built in 1823.

Here is found a monument to, John Boyd, who died here in 1885, aged 85. He, had been a teacher in the Old Blue (Grammar) School of Toronto, and was the father of Sir John Boyd, whose son has given his life in South Africa. Here are buried John Eedson and Salome Crane, his wife, of U. E. Loyalist birth, from Nova Scotia; George Varey, who played the bass viol in the church before the days of organs or melodeons.

Two old grey stones show burials here previous to any in St. Andrew's or St. Vincent de Paul.

"Sarah Laurence, died 1825, aged 64; Gideon Howell, died 1827, aged 22.

Here in the silent tomb beneath this miry sod
Lies one who bore the Cross and trusted in his God;
Farewell, dear wife and friends, and my dear little son,
My work is finished and the prize is won.

Two graveyards on the opposite side of the river were visited and here were found several inscriptions interesting to us.

In the military graveyard of Fort Niagara, the post which has had such an eventful history, having, been in the hands of French, British, Indians, Americans, is, found a singular trace of the American occupation of Fort George III 1813. A young Frenchman, perhaps a son of one of those of that nationality who helped the Thirteen Colonies to gain their independence:

"I ci repose Marie Vincent Boisaubin, Lieutenant et ad-jutant dans le regiment d'artillerie legere des Etats Unis, decede au Fort George le 13 aout, 1813, a l'age de 22 ans, Ami fidele, fils tendre et sincere comment nous consoler dj'une perte Si severe.

A monument bears this comprehensive inscription:

"Erected to the memory of unknown soldiers and sailors of the United States, killed in action or dying of wounds in this vicinity during the war of 1812."

Here were buried in the precincts of the fort, but so far the spot is unknown and unmarked, two British officers, killed at the taking of the fort, 25th July, 1759. In the diary of Sir William Johnson, given in Stone's life of that distinguished man, are these words; "Today buried, Gen. Prideaux and Col. Johnson in the chapel with great form; I was the chief mourner." Should not some memorial be erected to these two British officers who died in adding a page to Britain's roll of fame?

John Ross Robertson, who has done so much to clear up many pages of Canadian history, has lately unearthed in England a map showing the position of the chapel in what is now the parade ground, and Peter A. Porter of Niagara Falls; N. Y., in an article in the Buffalo Express, has reproduced this so that one may almost pace off the distances and fix the spot.

Information has lately been given that in former days there was a stone near that of Sergt. Amasa Snow, with the name of General Prideaux, and the inference is that, the bodies of the two British officers were removed, to the military graveyard when the chapel was taken down.

"Sergeant Amasa Snow, died Apr., 1829.

Here lies brave Snow, full six feet deep,
Whose heart would melt when caused to weep.
Though winter's blast may freeze his frame,
Yet Death's cold grasp can't chill his fame.

This curious mingling of words Snow, melt, freeze and chill, referring to the brave Sergeant, is at least ingenious if not poetic.

A new cenotaph has been erected with an inscription slightly different "To the memory of unknown officers and enlisted men who fought in the early Indian wars on this frontier, and also in the Revolutionary War, whose remains are interred in this cemetery."

"Sacred to the memory of Adgt. Thos. Poe, Penn. Vols.., who nobly died for his country at Lundy's Lane, July 26th, 1814." This burial must have taken place while Fort Niagara was in the hands of the British.

"In memory of John Christie, (son of the late Major Jas. Christie of the Rev. Army,) Colonel of the 23rd Infantry, Inspector of the Northern Division of the U. S. Army, died at Lewiston, July 23rd, 1813, aged 25 yrs. 6 mos. and 19 days."

This was the period of the American occupation of Niagara, when from the unsanitary condition of the camp many of the troops were removed to the higher land at Lewiston.

Here too, in a beautiful well-kept graveyard near the Presbyterian Church, are traces of the contest of a century ago:
"In memory of the high respect and esteem which Major-General Stephen Van Renssalaer bore to Capt. George Nelson of the VI U. S. Regiment of Infantry, who on the 13th Oct., 1812, in the XXXVII year of his age, fell in the attack upon
Queenston U. C., this monument is erected Feb. 22nd, 1813.

"Here sleeps a soldier, here a brave man rests."

The following shows the influence of a wife over a husband:

"Sacred to the memory of Nancy, consort of Fitz James Hotchkis.

Nancy, be thou my guide to point the road
That leads far hence to yonder blest abode.
Grant me her faith, thou good, thou great most high,
Let me like Nancy live, like Nancy die.

It is difficult now to know what crime committed by Great Britain is referred to in the following lines:

"In memory of Alexander Miller, who died Oct. 13th, 1828, aged 62, a native of Dundee, Scotland."

Far from his country and his native skies,
Here, mouldering in the dust, poor Miller lies.
He loved his country, loved that spot of earth
Which gave a Wallace, Bruce and Duncan birth.
But when that country, dead to all but gain,
Bowed her base neck and hugged the oppressed chain,
He viewed the approaching event with many a sigh.
He crossed the wide waves, and here untimely died.

Perhaps the Sutherland evictions are meant.

Of Miss Mary Attwater, who died in 1815, it is said:

"She needs no verse her virtues to record
She lived and died a servant of the Lord."
Another stone has the startling question:
"She is gone, but where?

Another point in which the history of the two countries touch is found here. A broken tombstone, formerly upright, now lying flat, is that of

"Ashbel Sage, born 1777, died 1855. He was the pilot and guide who conducted the American army to Queenston Heights in the battle on the morning of the 13th October, 1812."

There was formerly a daguerreotype of this veteran inserted in the stone, but this has disappeared long since.

Here, too, lie Thomas Hustler and his wife Catharine, characters used by the novelist Cooper in "The Spy" as Sergeant Hollister and Betty Flannigan.

The Hamilton residence in Queenston is a fine stone building on an, eminence having the old colonial, pillars, and the family burying plot is on the property, surrounded by a low stone wall enclosing beautiful trees.

The Hon. Robert Hamilton, born in Scotland, and whose name we find so often as entertaining guests in Simcoe's time, died in 1809, aged __, and is buried, here. This spot has to us a pathetic interest, since here for a year rested the remains of Gen. Sir Isaac Brock and his brave young adjutant, McDonell, who were four, times buried. First, at Fort George, where the bodies lay for twelve years, till the first monument was erected at Queenston, then, when the shattered shaft was taken down, the bodies were removed to the Hamilton burying plot till the vault of the present monument was ready in 1853.

One inscription reads

"Sacred to the memory of Robert Hamilton, born at Fort Niagara, 1787, died 1856. Mary Biggar, his wife, born at Dumfries, Scotland, 1790."
Alexander Hamilton died in Feb, 1839, aged 45. This must have been Sheriff Hamilton, whose death it is said, was hastened by the shock to his system from having to perform the office of hangman at Niagara jail.. No hangman was to be found, and the sheriff, according to law, had himself to perform the revolting duty, 1838. In an account of a prisoner confined in Niagara jail for his share in the rebellion, this is confirmed.

A large altar tomb commemorates a member of the well-known Dickson family. , He was a merchant in Queenston and carried on an extensive business there.

"Sacred to the memory of Thomas Dickson, who died in 1825, aged 50, also Eliza, his wife. He was a native of Dumfries, Scotland, came to this Province in the year 1789, and became a permanent resident of the District of Niagara, where he held various public situations, which he filled with credit to himself and advantage to the country, and as an active, intelligent and upright magistrate, a member of the Legislature and Colonel of Militia, none could have discharged the various duties incidental to the changeable situations with greater fidelity. In private life an affectionate husband and parent, a warm friend and kind neighbor, his urbanity endeared him to all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance.

"Sacred to the memory of Eliza, wife of Thomas Dickson of Queenston, who, died 6th Sept., 1802, and of their only son, John Alexander, who died 18th July, 1821, in the 21st year of his age."

"Hannah Owen Hamilton, 1797-1888." This was the daughter of Wm. Jarvis, secretary, and wife of Alexander Hamilton, whom she survived almost 50 years.

"In memory of Caroline E. Hamilton, wife of Geo. Durand. At rest Nov. 26th, 1900; born Jan. 4th, 1835. Through the grave and gate of death to joyful resurrection."

"Our mother, Jessie A. Duff, died May 31st, 1890, aged 69

Midst war's alarms was born Mary Hamilton, 9th June 1813, only a few days after the battle of Fort George, when the town of Niagara was taken, 27th May.

Here again occurs an important name in the early history of our country:

"Hannah, wife of Wm. Jarvis, Secretary of the Province of U. C., died 1845, aged 84.

Shed not for her the bitter tear, Nor give the heart to vain regret, Tis but the casket that lies here, The gem that filled it sparkles yet."

Another: "Robert Hamilton lies here; born 1808; died 1868."

As the Hon. Robert Hamilton was married twice and had a large family of eight sons, the family connection is large and there are many names to be found here from intermarriages, as Tench, Duff, Durand, Mewburn, Gourlay.

Here lies buried Capt. John Humphrey Tench, late of H.
M. 87th and 61st Regts., who died Xmas, 1851, also Maria
Tench, wife of above, also Margaret Carruthers, widow of
Major Carruthers, late H. M. 55th Westmoreland Regt., and
Katherine Hamilton, wife of F. B. Tench, and Eliza Hamilton, wife of I. T. Townsend.

The family name has been well preserved, as the city of Hamilton thus derived its name, and the city of St. Catharines was named in 1809 from Catharine, the second wife of Hon. Robert Hamilton. The Hon. John Hamilton's residence, afterwards called Glencairn, by its owner, W. A. Thomson, was about two miles below Queenston, while that of Dr. Hamilton, another brother, was above the mountain. The Hon. John Hamilton, who has been called the father of Canada's inland marine, and was long honorably connected with the shipping of Lake Ontario, is buried at Kingston.

This noble shaft, says a late writer, is perhaps the finest isolated column, all things considered, in the world: 200 ft. high, the height of the figure 17 ft., and the situation unsurpassed, commanding a view of river, lake and plain. At some seasons of the year the varied colors of brown ploughed land, purple vineyards, the tender green of the wheat or brilliant crimson of the "maple forests all aflame," and the sombre pine woods, give the ennuied tourist at least a new experience.

The first monument was erected in 1824 and shattered with a gunpowder explosion by the miscreant Lett, in 1840, the present, begun in 1853, was finished in 1856; An immense meeting was held in 1840 on the Heights to devise means to replace the monument destroyed. Ten steamers bore representatives from Kingston, Cobourg, Hamilton, Toronto, and ascended the river in procession, while cheering crowds on the bank showed their enthusiasm. Eloquent speeches were made by distinguished men; nineteen motions afforded opportunity to twice as many speakers as movers and seconders. The first monument was erected by a grant from the Provincial Parliament, the present by voluntary contributions .of the Militia and Indian warrior's of the province. A grant from Parliament was given to lay out the grounds. The armorial bearings of the hero are supported by lions rampant seventeen in height, the motto Vincit Veritas. On the north face the inscription reads:

"Upper Canada has dedicated this monument to the memory of the late

MAJOR-GENERAL SIR ISAAC BROCK, K. B,

Provincial Lieut. Governor and Commander of the forces in this Province, whose remains are deposited in the vault beneath. Opposing the invading enemy, he fell near these Heights on the 13th October 1812, in the 43rd year of his age, revered and lamented by the people whom he governed, and deplored by the sovereign to whose services his life had been devoted.

    On a brass plate within the column is an inscription giving an account of the different burials, and on another a notice of Brock's brave A. D.C.

"In a vault beneath are deposited the mortal remains of Lieut. Col. John McDonnell, P. A. D. C., and aide-de-camp to the lamented Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K. B., who fell mortally wounded in the battle of Queenston, on the 13th October, 1812, and died the following day. His remains were removed and reinterred with due solemnity on 13th Oct., 1853."

The cenotaph which marks the spot where General Brock fell has on the north side" Near this spot Major General Sir Isaac Brock, K. C. B.,
Provincial Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, fell on the 13th Oct., 1812, while advancing to repel the invading enemy."

"This stone was placed by His Royal Highness, Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, 18th Sept., 1860.

    The spot where Col. McDonnell fell has lately been marked by a brass tablet placed on an immense boulder on the site of the Redan Battery about half way down the mountain.

"Near this spot Lieut.-Col. John Macdonell, Attorney-General of Upper Canada, was mortally wounded, 13th Oct., 1812.
"Erected by Lundy's Lane Historical Society, 1906.

    A brass tablet inside the monument has the following inscription

In a vault underneath are deposited the mortal remains of the lamented Major General Sir Isaac Brock, K. B., who fell in action near these Heights on the 13th Oct., 1812, and was interred on the 16th Oct. at the bastion of Fort George, Niagara, removed from there and, reinterred under a monument to the eastward of this site on the 13th Oct., 1824, and in Consequence of that monument having received irreparable injury by a lawless act on the 17th Apr., 1840 it was found requisite to take down the former structure and erect this monument, the foundation stone being laid and the remains again reinterred with due solemnity, 13th Oct., 1853.

    On carefully reading the inscription placed at the entrance it was discovered that a strange mistake had been made and it is almost incredible that this has never been noticed and that it has been allowed to remain in "enduring brass" all these years, the date of the destruction of the monument being given as 1838, instead of 1840.

    "A monument was originally erected on this spot by a grant from the Parliament of this Province, and subsequently destroyed in the year 1838. The present monument was erected chiefly by the voluntary contributions of the militia and Indian warriors of this Province, aided by a grant from the Legislature, the, authority for erecting the same being delegated to a committee consisting of the following gentlemen: Sir Allan Napier MacNab, Bart. Chairman; Sir John Beverley Robinson, Bart., Sir James Buchan Macaulay, Knt., the Honorable. Mr. Justice McLean, the Hon. William Hamilton Merritt, M. P. P., Thomas Clark Street, Esq., Col. the Hon. James Kerby, Lieut.-Col. Daniel Macdougall, David Thorburn, M. P P., Lient. Garrett, late 49th Regt., Col. Robert Hamilton, Capt. H. Munro, Secretary, T. G. Ridout, Esq., Treasurer, William Thomas, architect, John Worthington, builder."

    In the graveyard around the Methodist Church are many old Stones with no name or the stones chipped so as to be undecipherable. The name which appears most frequently is that of Woodruff, but the oldest date is Solomon Quick, who died in 1823, but many were buried here before that date, as St. Davids had a mill in 1782, and the village was burnt by the American's in 1814. Here is the grave of David Secord, of whom many stories of daring deeds are told in the Revolutionary War, and from whom the village received its name.

"In memory of Major David Secord, who died 1844, aged 85, also Mary Page, his wife

    David Secord was a magistrate in 1796, and a member of the Legislative Assembly, U. C., in 1811. His claim for compensation for property burnt in the war was nearly £ 5000, as he owned many buildings. He was a Sergeant in Butlers Rangers and fought in the Revolutionary War.

    Ezekiel Woodruff died in 1834 aged 73 and Samuel Woodruff in 1824. Richard Woodruff, born in 1784, died in 1872, was a Member of Parliament. His daughter is commemorated, recalling the name, of a celebrated railway king:

"In memory of Margaret Ann, wife of Samuel Zimmerman, daughter of Richard Woodruff, died 1851, aged 23."

Mr. Zimmerman was first buried at his home, Niagara Falls, but the body was afterwards reinterred in the vault prepared by him for his wife and sister. His name does not appear on the monument at St. Davids.

John Baptist Clement, died in 1833, and Mary Secord wife of Wm. A. Woodruff, born, 1818, died, 1895. An old stone has an inscription almost destitute of capital letters

"Jane wife of John Prest, queenston late a native sennington yorkshire England died in 1831."

   A monument near the church to Ursen Harvey, born in 1800, has also the names of his two wives, Esther and Caroline. Mr. Harvey was the father of Mrs. J. G. Currie, who has given us the life of Laura Ingersoll Secord and so many interesting reminiscences of St. Davids' old settlers.

    The names of Wadsworth, Clement, Crysler, and Clyde occur frequently. Many of these early settlers lived to great age as William Chrysler, died 1824, aged 92; Anne Clement Woodruff, born 1788, died 1878, aged 90 years, while Richard Woodruff, her husband, died 1872, aged 88. Major Adam Brown of Queenston, died 1874, aged 76, Col. Joseph Clement, died 1867, aged 76, and his wife aged 80. Maria Dewy, relict of the late Deacon Jacob Beam, died 1881, aged 88 years.

    The name Secord is found frequently, as Azubah Hutt, wife of Philip Secord, aged 79. Riall Secord was evidently named from Gen. Riall of Lundy's Lane fame. Many rough, unshaped stones without letter or figure tell of those troublous times when the exigencies of war or refugee privations prevented the elaborate epitaphs of another period.

    In the Warner family plot about two miles from St. Davids, are found the names of many U. E. Loyalists. Here again the surface lettering in the old stones is chipped off. There is a small frame church, now unused, which replaced an older one, built in 1801, the first Methodist church in the peninsula. A stone wall had surrounded the enclosure, the remains of which may yet be seen. One of the oldest stones is that to Stephen Secord, who died in 1808, aged 49. We find from early records that in the census taken by Col. John Butler at Niagara in 1783, the name Secord occurs more frequently than any other, as Peter, John, James, Thomas, Stephen. In Butler's Rangers there were seven Secords, and the Stephen Secord buried here was one of these. William Secord died in 1881, aged 83. We know from other records that John Secord was living near Niagara in 1782, and that the first white child born there was Daniel Secord. William Van Every died in 1832, aged 67, and Elizabeth, his wife, born Dec., 1764, died 1857. A pathetic story is told of members of the Van Every family and others in Ryerson's U E. Loyalists,
Several German name's occur, as:

"In memory of Dinah, wife of Jacob Hostetter, second daughter of Joseph and Mary Van Every."

And near this is a stone to Margaret Clow, wife of Daniel Ostrander, died 1824.

"In memory of Nancy, wife of Malum Swayze, born 1800, died 1828."

The Christian names Lois and Charity, Asel and Christian, Peter, Stephen, and David, frequently occur.

James Durham, dying in 1832, attained the ripe age of 85.

    In a square enclosed by a brick and stone wall are three old grey monumental stones, one to Jemima Hill, who died in 1817, aged 18; another to "Mary Margaret Dufelt, relict of the late Joseph Clement, died 1845, aged 80."

    Another stone and iron enclosure has an old grey double stone to two children of Robert and Margaret McKinley, who died in 1841 and 1813 respectively.

A monument to Margaret A. Berninger, wife of Robert McKinley, born 1769, died 1860, aged 91.

    The name Warner occurs again and again and here are also besides those mentioned, Cain, Collard, etc. Christian Warner and Joseph Van Every were born here in 1809.

T    he first Methodist class meeting in this district met at the house of Christian Warner, 1788, and the church was built in 1801.

    Two miles from St. Catharines is an old graveyard where were buried many of the U. E. Loyalists. Six stately elms stand in a line at one side, while one lies prone near them.
How few of those who fell when Niagara was captured, 27th May, 1813, have their names in consecrated ground, but here, unexpectedly, we find the name of one:

"Erected in memory of George Grass, who was killed in the battle of Fort George, May 27th, 1813, aged 24 years."

    A tablet in St. Mark's, Niagara, gives the names of four, the stone at Chautauqua marks the burial place of three unknown British soldiers who fell in that battle, and this of George Grass is the only other one we know of.

Here are found the names of many of the Secord family as
"In memory of Solomon Secord late Lieut. in Butler's Corps of Rangers, who departed this life Jan. 22, 1799, aged 43 years."

    A large altar tomb has the inscription "Capt. Jacob Ball, died July 24th, 1820, aged 43 years." Another beside it "Elizabeth, wife of Jacob Fall, born 1790, died 1862."

    We find from early records that Jacob Ball, the father, came in 1782 with his three sons, Peter, Jacob, and John. A fourth son, George, came in 1784. They received a grant of land of 1,000 acres and there is still in possession of the Ball family in the township, 750 acres.

    The names of Stull and Goring, Secord, Ball and Schram occur again and again and the fondness for scripture names of the Puritans is shewn as Seth and Charity, Solomon, David, and Jacob. Very often a verse with halting rhyme, metre, or Syntax, closes the inscription. A double stone is divided Perpendicularly for two inscriptions to husband and wife, a Young couple, aged 24 and 37 respectively. Below the words:

"As God together did us join, So He did part us for a time. But now we both together lies Till Christ shall call us to arise."

Very few give the place of birth, but those given are far distant, as Yorkshire, Nova Scotia Vermont.

"In memory of George Read, who was born at Brenton in Yorkshire, England, 1763, and came to New York in 1773 to Canada in 1784, and departed this life Feb., 1834."

1784 was, we know, "the year of the coming of the U. E Loyalists.

"In memory of Margaret, wife of Col. Peter Hare, and formerly wife of Lieut. Solomon Secord. died 1851. aged 87 years. Erected by Mrs. R. Henery. My mother's grave."

    This is an old cemetery; we know of one at least buried here in 1812, but many bodies have been removed to the new cemetery, but we still find traces of many of the early settlers. In the life of Hon. Wm. Hamilton Merritt is frequently mentioned Shipman's Corners, (near St. Catharines,) and here is the name of its founder:

"In memory of Paul Shipman, born 1756, died 1825, aged 69 years."

From him St. Paul Street was named.

Here is also the record of the father of the projector of the Welland canal:

    "In memory of Thomas Merritt, Esq., Cornet of the Queen's Rangers under Col. Simcoe during the American Revolution, and Major commanding the cavalry on this frontier in the war of 1812. Appointed Surveyor of Woods and Forests on 20th May, 1800, and Sheriff of the Niagara District, 5th October, 1803. Departed this life 12th May, 1842, aged 83,

The next inscription brings up the thought of the heroine, Laura Ingersoll Secord:

"In memory of Maria, relict of the late Charles Ingersoll of Ingersoll, second daughter of Thomas and Mary Merritt, died 1850."

It is sometimes forgotten that the town of Ingersoll was named after Charles Ingersoll.

In the journal of W. H. Merritt the name of his wife's father and mother frequently, occur.

"In memory of Penelope, wife of Dr. J. Prendergast, born 1774, in South Kingston, State of Rhode Island, died at the residence of her son-in-law, William Hamilton Merritt."

"To the memory of Jedidiah Prendergast, M. D, who was born in Duchess County, N. Y died at his residence in Mayville, 1848."

This name occurs as one of the proprietors of the Niagara Library of 1800-1820. He then lived at Youngstown, NY. A large monument has this short inscription: "Commodore Job Northrop, a native of Woodbridge, Ct, born 1787, died 1833. He was noble hearted, generous and humane."

    The monument was brought all the way from New Haven, Ct. In the memoir of Hon. W. H. Merritt, Coin. Northrop is mentioned as generous and even lavish, driving fast horses, giving good dinners, spending money prodigally. Employed in the Bolivian service, on his return his role seemed to be to spend money. When his horses ran away the vehicle was given to the finder, and to his daughter, after playing a tune on the piano, a bank note was often given.

    "Sacred to the memory of the late Reverend Lewis Wilhams, a native of Hallan, Caermarthenshire, South Wales, England, who labored a faithful minister and servant of God at this place for several years, departed this life 26th Sept., 1822, in his 63rd year, much lamented."

"Here lieth the body of Rev. Richard Lyons McArthur, M.A., Trinity College, Dublin, and for some months curate of St. George's church in this town, departed this life 1857."

"Caroline, daughter of James and Caroline Gordon, died 1814."

"In memory of Sarah, widow of Wm. Dummer Powell, died 1834, aged 54."

    This must have been the wife of W. D. Powell, the lawyer of Queenston, and one of the ten who formed the first Law Society in 1797, in U. Canada. From a letter in the possession of the Niagara Historical Society from Queen-ston, 1801, to Robert Nelles, 40 Mile Creek (now Grimsby,) we learn that the couple had eloped and driven all the way to Niagara to be married by Rev. R. Addison, and the letter written to thank Col. and Mrs. Nelles for their help also speaks of the fatiguing ride to Niagara.

    To this comparatively modern cemetery many bodies have been brought from private graveyards, or others being destroyed by the march of improvement. On an old grey stone may be read:

"In memory of Mrs. Hannah Frey, widow of the late Capt. Bernard Frey, who died 1834, aged 76."

On another, close by, a well-known incident of the war of 1812 is recorded:

"Sacred to the memory of Capt. B. Frey, of his Majesty's late Corps of Butler's Rangers, who was killed by a cannon shot at Niagara, 22nd day of November, 1812, aged 58."

    The story is that he had picked up a cannon ball from the street and was carrying it under his arm when a spent ball from Fort Niagara struck that under his arm and he died in consequence, but without a wound. Part of the Frey family remained in the U. S., while this member preferred to join the U. E. L's. in Canada.

Some well-known names follow, as
"In memory of Stephen A. Secord, died 1884, aged 83."
"Samuel Street died at Thorold, 1854, aged 62."
"Sarah Street, beloved wife of John Gustavus Stevenson, died 1861, aged 37."
"In memory of Sarah Ingersoll, wife of Henry Mittleber-ger, born 1807, died 1826."
"In memory of William Street Servos, born 1787, died 1857, and Catharine Ball, his wife, born 1790, died 1875."
The bodies of the last two were removed from the Servo's burying ground when the farm was sold.

An unpretentious stone records the projector of the Welland Canal; that monument to his energy and foresight is quite near:
"Hon. Wm. Hamilton Merritt, born July 3rd, 1793, died July 7th, 1862."
"Catharine Rodman Prendergast, beloved wife of Hon.W. H. Merritt, born 1793, died Jan. 10th, 1862."
It is remarkable that husband and wife were born in the same year and died in the same year.

Hon. W. H. Merritt was Captain of Dragoons raised in the war of 1812, was taken prisoner at Lundy's Lane and was not released till the close of the war.

    Two "beloved physicians" rest here:
"Theophulus Mack, M.D., died 1881, aged 61. The wise, beloved physician, the faithful friend of the poor and suffering, lie met death in conscious serenity, trusting with undoubting faith in the promises of the Redeemer. And I heard a voice write, blessed are the dead."
On the other side, "Galea Spes salutis."

    "In memory of Chas. Rolls, born at Princes' Maston, Warwickshire, England, 1785, died 1867, also Henry Rolls, M. D., 1814-1887."

    A monument to the father of Dr. Clark, who preserves the manuscript journal kept by his father, Col.. Clark, from which have been gleaned many interesting particulars of early life in this province:

    "In memory of Lieut. Col. John Clark, Canada Militia, born at Kingston, U. C., 1786, died at Walnutdale farm, Grantham, C. W., 1862, also his wife, Sarah Adams, born at Queenston, U. C., 1791, died 1864."

    A large enclosure is sacred to the families of St. John and Phelps as Lois St. John, wife of Samuel St. John, mother of Abigail Phelps, of Kent, Conn., born 1756, died 1849, aged 93."
"Orton Stone Phelps, 1812-1837, and Oliver Phelps of Conn., horn 1779, died 1851."

A large vault has the name of Thomas Burns, the son of Rev. Jno. Burns, minister of Niagara and Stamford. Another has that of Richard Miller, Q. C.

    About two miles from St. Catharines lie the remains of this family, in which there were two famous soldiers, although here their names are not recorded. Particulars of the first are found in a memorial in the Canadian Archives.
"John Turney, Lieutenant in Butler's Rangers, born in Co. Down, Ireland; 1744, enlisted in King's 8th Regt., served as sergeant in Germany and America, and promoted to Butler's Rangers." In his" memorial giving his services he says: "They (the Rangers) were Britons and the descendants of Britons ____ and trained to arms, determined to transmit to posterity the rights that are dear to man, or nobly perish in the defence of our King, and God, who never forsakes His people, brought us through many dangers and trials."

    His son, Capt. George Turney, of the 2nd Lincoln Militia, was killed at the battle of Chippawa, 5th July, 1814 that day so disastrous to our forces. The name was originally written Torney.